AED Pads in Canada: Maintenance, Lifespan & Replacement

by Bikramjit Singh Sodhi March 13, 2025

AED Pads: A Complete Guide to AED Maintenance, Use, and Best Practices in Canada

Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) are life-saving devices used to restore normal heart rhythms in individuals experiencing sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Having an AED nearby significantly increases survival rates, but many people overlook a critical component of AED functionality—AED pads.

AED pads are the interface between the AED and the person in distress, ensuring that the device can accurately analyze the heart rhythm and deliver a shock if necessary. In this guide, we will explore AED pads, their lifespan, replacement schedules, proper maintenance, and essential AED regulations in Canada.

IF YOU WANT TO GO STRAIGHT TO HOW IT IS APPLIED PLEASE SCROLL AND GO TO "AED Steps for Effective Use" IT IS RIGHT UNDER "Special Considerations for AED Pad Placement"

Key Takeaways

• AED pads are essential for delivering defibrillation during cardiac arrest—expired or damaged pads can prevent a successful shock.

• Replace AED pads every 2 to 5 years or immediately after use.

• Adult and pediatric AED pads are different; ensure the right pads are available based on potential patient needs.

• Regular AED maintenance (checking status indicators, replacing batteries, and ensuring pads are up to date) is crucial for readiness.

• AED regulations in Canada vary by province, with increasing public access requirements in some regions.

AED pad on a table

What Are AED Pads and Why Are They Important?

AED pads (also called aed electrode pads) are adhesive patches that attach to a person’s chest during a cardiac emergency. They conduct an electric shock from the AED to the heart, restoring a normal rhythm in cases of ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. The pads must be positioned correctly to help ensure the electrical current passes through the heart muscle effectively. AEDs typically come with visual guides on the pads to indicate correct placement.

Proper defibrillator pad placement is crucial for effective defibrillation. Techniques such as anterior-posterior and anterior-lateral positioning are commonly used, with specific considerations for both adults and children to ensure the pads are anatomically positioned correctly.

How Do AED Pads Work? An AED is easy to use and can be utilized by anyone, regardless of medical training.

Detect Heart Rhythm: Once the pads are placed on the chest, the AED analyzes the heart’s electrical activity to determine if a shock is needed. An AED analyzes the heart rhythm and only administers a shock if it detects a lethal rhythm. Operating an AED requires that steps are followed to keep the chest bare, clean, and dry before defibrillation.

2. Deliver the Shock: If necessary, the AED will instruct the rescuer to press the shock button (or deliver an automatic shock).

3. Guide CPR: If no shock is needed, or after delivering a shock, many modern AEDs provide real-time CPR coaching.

The effectiveness of an AED depends on the condition of the AED pads. Expired or damaged pads may fail to deliver a life-saving shock, which is why maintenance is crucial. AED pads should be placed on bare skin that is clean and dry for optimal adherence.

Types of AED Pads

Not all AED pads are the same. The two main categories are adult AED pads and pediatric AED pads.

1. Adult AED Pads

• Designed for individuals 8 years and older or weighing over 55 lbs (25 kg).

• Provide the standard shock required for adult defibrillation. The corresponding pad is placed on the left side of the chest below the level of the pectoral muscles.

• Placed on the upper right chest and lower left chest. One pad should be positioned on the right side of the patient’s chest beneath the clavicle. The standard pad placement for adults is the anterior lateral position, ensuring the pads do not touch and are correctly spaced apart.

2. Pediatric AED Pads

• Used for children under 8 years old or under 55 lbs.

• Deliver a lower-energy shock to prevent excessive defibrillation.

• Some AEDs use a pediatric key or switch instead of separate pads to adjust the energy output.

• Placement differs slightly—one pad on the center of the chest, the other on the back between the shoulder blades. For young children with small chests, use the anterior-posterior pad placement method.

AED Pad Compatibility

AED pads are typically brand and model-specific, meaning you cannot interchange them between different AED brands. Always check the manufacturer’s recommendations when purchasing replacement pads.

Green Aed Pad

Understanding AED Pad Placement

AED pads are a crucial component of an automated external defibrillator (AED) and play a vital role in saving lives during sudden cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrests are prevalent, and immediate intervention is critical to improve survival rates.
Proper AED pad placement is essential to ensure the electrical current passes through the heart muscle effectively.
AED pads are designed to be user-friendly and can be used by anyone, even without prior medical training. Learning how to perform CPR in conjunction with using an AED is crucial for enhancing a responder's effectiveness during cardiac emergencies.

AED Pad Placement Guide

The AED pad placement guide is a critical component of the AED device, providing clear visual cues and instructions for proper pad placement.
The guide typically includes graphics and voice prompts to help the user place the pads correctly.
It is essential to follow the AED pad placement guide carefully to ensure effective defibrillation.

AED Pad Placement Techniques

Anterior Lateral Pad Placement

The anterior lateral position is the standard technique for adults and is used to help ensure the electrical current passes through the heart muscle effectively.

One pad is placed on the right side of the patient’s chest, beneath the clavicle, and the corresponding pad is placed on the left side of the patient’s chest, below the level of the pectoral muscles.

This placement is crucial for effective defibrillation and should be followed carefully.

Anterior Posterior Pad Placement

The anterior posterior pad placement is an alternative technique used in certain clinical scenarios, such as when a patient has a medical implant, such as a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
One pad is placed on the chest (anterior) and the corresponding pad is placed on the back (posterior).
This placement is helpful when a patient has a medical implant that might be damaged by electrical shock.

AED Pad Placement for Adults and Children

AED pad placement is the same for all adults, but special considerations are needed for children under the age of 8 or weighing less than 55 pounds.
Pediatric pads and an AED with a pediatric dose attenuator should be used for young children.
For children, the anterior posterior pad placement method is recommended, with one pad placed in the center of the chest and the other on the back between the shoulder blades.

Special Considerations for AED Pad Placement

AED pads should not be placed over any medicated patch or metallic jewelry, as this can cause burns or interfere with the electrical current.
Any chest hair should be shaved if it prevents proper pad placement.
Tattoos do not interfere with shock delivery, but scars may indicate the presence of a pacemaker or implanted cardiac defibrillator.

AED Steps for Effective Use

How to Apply AED Pads: Step-by-Step Guide

Proper AED pad placement is critical for the device to function correctly during a cardiac emergency. Follow these step-by-step instructions to apply AED pads effectively on an adult or child.

✅ Step 1: Turn on the AED

• Press the power button or open the lid (some AEDs turn on automatically when opened).

• Listen to the voice prompts, which will guide you through the process.

✅ Step 2: Expose the Chest

• Remove any clothing, jewelry, or medical patches from the chest.

• If the chest is wet, wipe it dry with a towel or cloth.

• If the chest is very hairy, quickly shave the areas where the pads will go (AED kits often include a razor).

✅ Step 3: Locate and Open the AED Pads

• Take out the electrode pads from their sealed package.

• Check for clear labeling on the pads (some AEDs label them as “right” and “left” or include placement diagrams).

✅ Step 4: Apply the AED Pads in the Correct Positions

• First pad: Place on the upper right side of the chest, just below the collarbone.

• Second pad: Place on the lower left side of the chest, below the armpit.

• Ensure pads are firmly pressed to the skin for good contact.

✅ Step 5: Stand Clear and Let the AED Analyze

• Do not touch the person while the AED is analyzing their heart rhythm.

• Follow the AED’s instructions—it will tell you if a shock is required.

✅ Step 6: Deliver the Shock (If Advised)

• If the AED instructs, press the shock button (some AEDs deliver the shock automatically).

• After the shock, the AED may prompt you to start CPR.

✅ Step 7: Continue CPR Until Emergency Responders Arrive

• Perform chest compressions as guided by the AED (typically 100-120 compressions per minute).

• Do not remove the AED pads—if another shock is needed, the AED will instruct you.

How to Apply AED Pads on a Child (Under 8 Years or Under 55 lbs)

If using pediatric AED pads or a child mode key, follow these adjustments:

✅ Step 1-3: Follow the Same Steps as for Adults

• Power on the AED, expose the chest, and dry or shave the area if necessary.

✅ Step 4: Apply the Pads in Pediatric Placement

• If using pediatric pads:

• One pad on the center of the chest.

• One pad on the back between the shoulder blades.

• If using adult pads (in an emergency, when pediatric pads are unavailable):

• Place the pads in the standard adult position, ensuring they don’t touch each other.

✅ Step 5-7: Follow the AED Instructions

• Stand clear and let the AED analyze the heart rhythm.

• Deliver a shock if advised.

• Continue CPR as instructed.

Key Tips for AED Pad Application

✔ Never place AED pads over a pacemaker or medical implant—adjust placement slightly if needed.

✔ AED pads must have full skin contact—avoid placing them over thick body hair, sweat, or moisture.

✔ Do not remove the pads until medical professionals arrive, even if the person recovers.

Automated External Defibrillators Pad Maintenance

AED pads are single-use and must be replaced after use or when they expire.
Expiration dates vary by manufacturer, and it is essential to check the expiration date before using the AED.
AED owners should schedule regular maintenance checks to ensure the device is well-maintained and rescue-ready.

AED Pad Placement and Medical Conditions

AED pads can be used on patients with a pacemaker or implanted cardiac defibrillator, but the pads should not be placed directly over the device.
AED pads can be used on patients with scars, but the pads should be placed four fingers away from the pacemaker or implanted cardiac defibrillator.
AED pads can be used on patients with tattoos, but the pads should be placed carefully to avoid any interference with the electrical current.

Blue AED pad

How Long Do AED Pads Last?

AED Pad Expiration and Replacement

Most AED pads expire within 2 to 5 years from the date of manufacture. The gel on the pads dries out over time, making them less effective at conducting electricity and sticking to the skin. Using expired AED pads can reduce the chances of a successful defibrillation. Expiration dates for different AED pads vary by manufacturer and generally last 3 to 5 years before expiry.

When to Replace AED Pads?

• Before Expiration: Always check the expiration date and replace the pads before they expire.

• After Use: AED pads are single-use only—once applied, they cannot be reused. Replace them immediately after deployment.

• If Packaging is Damaged: If the seal is broken or the adhesive backing has dried, replace the pads.

Where to Buy AED Pads in Canada?

Health Canada-approved AED pads are available through authorized medical suppliers, AED distributors, and online retailers. Always ensure that you are purchasing from a reputable source to avoid counterfeit or low-quality products.

AED Maintenance: Keeping Your Device Ready for Emergencies

first aid kit, emergency kit, health kit, cutout

Maintaining an AED is simple but essential. Here are the key steps to keeping your AED fully operational:

1. Regular Automated External Defibrillators Checks

• Inspect the status indicator (most AEDs have a green or red light to signal readiness).

• Ensure the AED pads and battery are within expiration.

• Verify that all components, including rescue kits (gloves, CPR mask, scissors), are present.

2. Battery Replacement

• Most AED batteries last 2 to 5 years and should be replaced before expiration.

• Many AEDs have a low-battery warning indicator—do not ignore it.

3. Proper Storage

• Store the AED in a visible, accessible location (not locked away in a cabinet). • Keep it within the temperature range recommended by the manufacturer. • Use an AED wall cabinet or mount for easy identification. If sweat or moisture is present, it should be wiped dry before applying the AED pads.

• Keep it within the temperature range recommended by the manufacturer.

• Use an AED wall cabinet or mount for easy identification.

4. After an AED is Used

• Replace AED pads and batteries as needed.

• Download event data if required for medical review.

• Clean the AED according to manufacturer instructions.

AED Use on Women

When it comes to using an AED on women, the process is essentially the same as for men. The AED pads should be placed on the bare chest, ensuring that the left pad avoids breast tissue. If the woman is pregnant, the placement of the AED pads remains unchanged. It’s crucial to follow the same steps for using an AED on a woman as on a man, which includes calling emergency services and performing CPR if necessary. Women who are at high risk of cardiac arrest, such as those with a history of heart disease, may benefit from having an AED at home. Remember, the key to effective defibrillation is proper pad placement and following the AED’s instructions.

AED Use on Cardiac Arrest Victims with a Pacemaker

Using an AED on a cardiac arrest victim with a pacemaker requires special attention to pad placement. It’s important not to place the AED’s electrode pads directly over the pacemaker. Instead, position the pads at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) away from the device to avoid any potential interference. If the pacemaker is implanted in the chest, use the anterior-posterior pad placement method, with one pad on the front of the chest and the other on the back. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for using an AED on a patient with a pacemaker, and consult with a healthcare professional if you are unsure about the proper procedure. This ensures the electrical shock is delivered effectively without damaging the pacemaker.

AED pad in front of the canadian flag

AED Regulations in Canada

Are AEDs Required by Law in Canada?

Canada does not have a national law mandating AEDs, but several provinces and municipalities require AEDs in public spaces.

Provincial AED Laws in Canada

• Ontario: The Defibrillator Registration and Public Access Act mandates AEDs in high-traffic public locations.

• Manitoba & British Columbia: Certain public facilities are required to have an AED on-site.

• Alberta & Quebec: AED installation is encouraged but not legally required in most settings.

Workplace AED Programs

While most workplaces are not legally required to have AEDs, businesses and organizations are increasingly adopting them as a best practice for safety and liability protection.

FAQs About AED Pads and Maintenance

Q1: Can expired AED pads still work?

Expired AED pads may still function, but their effectiveness is not guaranteed. The gel dries out, which can prevent proper shock delivery. Always replace them before they expire.

Q2: How do I dispose of used AED pads?

AED pads are non-recyclable and should be disposed of in regular waste, unless they contain hazardous materials (check manufacturer guidelines). AED pads are single-use and must be replaced after they are used for an emergency or when they expire.

Q3: Do I need to train employees to use an AED?

No formal training is required to use an AED, but CPR and AED certification courses increase confidence and efficiency in emergencies. Many organizations offer training through the Red Cross, Heart & Stroke Foundation, or St. John Ambulance.

Yes, but avoid placing AED pads directly over the pacemaker. Adjust placement slightly to the side. If the casualty has a pacemaker, the AED pad should be placed four fingers away from the pacemaker.

Q5: Where should AEDs be placed in a building?

AEDs should be installed in high-traffic, easily accessible locations, such as: • Near entrances and reception desks. • In break rooms or common areas. • In gyms, pools, and sports facilities. • Along hallways in large office buildings. AEDs are commonly found in public places such as schools, airports, and malls.

• Near entrances and reception desks.

• In break rooms or common areas.

• In gyms, pools, and sports facilities.

• Along hallways in large office buildings.

Q6: How much do New AEDs cost?

New AEDs can cost anywhere from $1,200 to $3,000 depending on features.

Final Thoughts

Black Aed pad

Having an AED is one of the best investments in safety for businesses, schools, and public spaces. AED pads are a critical component of these life-saving devices, and ensuring they are up to date and properly maintained can mean the difference between life and death. The brain and organs require oxygenated blood, which is not provided during cardiac arrest.

If you are responsible for AED maintenance, regularly check expiration dates, replace components as needed, and store the device in an accessible location.

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